1. 12,700 km / 8,000 mi. diameter
2. 40,000 km / 25,000 mi. circumpherence
3. shape = oblate spheroid
4. 23 1/2° tilt from vertical = seasons
5. rotation = 1,670 kph; 1,037 mph at equator
   ... one rotation = ~24 hours
6. gravitational pull of sun and moon affect tides
7. gaseous atmosphere = "just right" to sustain life
   • "right" amount of volcanic activity = "right" mix of gases
   • "right" gravity to maintain "right" mix of gases

A. Grid Systems

1. latitude and longitude = angular measurements
   • 23½° N/S -- Tropic of Cancer / Capricorn
   • 66½° N/S -- Arctic / Antarctic Circle
     • Land of the Midnight Sun (video)
2. 15° longitude/hour
   • 360° ÷ 24 hrs
   • = 15°/hr = time zones
   • time zone map
3. time
   • 24 hr clock (military time)
   • UCT/GMT/Z
     • PHX is 7 hrs earlier than UCT (UCT -7)
   • Daylight Saving Time
   • time zone/daylight savings map
4. Public Land Survey System, a.k.a. township and range (details)
   • 115th Ave (Agua Fria River) = principal meridian

1. definition
2. projections
   • Mercator Projection
   • conical projection and map
   • planar or azimuthal
3. conformality (shape)
4. equivalence (size/area)... example (#2 , #3)
5. great circle routes
6. legend
   • date of publication!
   • symbology
   • scale -- graphic (or linear), verbal, fractional (or relational)
7. contour lines
   • contour interval
   • index contour line & interval
8. relief

1. hot air balloons to satellite technology
   • aerial photography: example #1 ... #2 ... #3
   • satellite imagery: vegetation ... fire ... weather ... VIS 1 ... VIS 2
   • super high resolution: Rio ... NYC ... Mt Blanc
2. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
   • ADOT traffic (Google) ... weather radar ... cell signal
   • Internet connectivity cables
   • crime ... or ... Unemployment: 1990-2016
   • tracking disease outbreaks:
     • current influenza activity (**300K-650K deaths annually)
     • Corona Virus
     • pertussis ("whooping cough") ... measles: historically and today
       (Similar story with many other preventable diseases!)
   • basketball: individual or team offense or rebounds
   • dance and GIS??
   • El Nino
   • Digital elevation models: Phoenix, Arizona, Mt. Everest
3. Global Positioning System (GPS)
   • satellite based system (GPS)
   • combine w/ GIS (and WiFi and Bluetooth)
   • a multitude of applications (beyond directions)
     • emergency vehicles; scientific experiments; weather; self driving cars
     • vehicle / delivery / pet tracking.... even child tracking!
     • military vehicles and weapons
     • smart phone "location services" -- anyone can track you?
   • Can you survive without GPS? (Taking out GPS is top goal of enemies and terrorists)