1. conservation of energy
2. energy cannot be created or destroyed
3. amount of energy factor of mass

1. scales
   • Fahrenheit -- 0°, 32°, 212°
   • celcius -- 0°, 100°
   • Kelvin -- "absolute zero"
2. comparison

A.  Energy Transfer, object to object, due to temperature difference

B.  Terminology

1. specific heat
   • water (1 cal.) vs. dry soil (0.2 cal.)
2. latent heat -- method of heat transfer
   • latent heat of vaporization
   • latent heat of condensation

1. radiation, absorption, reflection, scattering, transmission
2. conduction -- direct molecular contact
3. convection -- vertical transfer by movement of a fluid
   • i.e. H₂O, air
   • thermals .... thermals 2
4. advection -- horizontal transfer by movement of a fluid
   • a current example ... wind direction

1. radiant energy -- everything emits radiation (above 0° K)
2. wavelength -- measured in micrometers (.000001 m)
   • paper = 100 micrometers thick
3. longer wavelength = less energy
4. wavelength dependent upon temperature of object (Wien's Law)
   • sun = short
   • earth = long
5. electromagnetic spectrum
   • speed of light = 186,000 miles/second
     = 670,000,000 mph

1. insolation (vs. insulation)
   • solar energy
2. solar constant
3. reflection -- albedo