Specific Köppen Climates

1. Tropical Rainforest (Af):
   • location = equator
   • temperatures = warm year-round
   • precipitation = no dry season
   • Hilo, HI
   • Fiji
2. Tropical Savanna (Aw):
   • location = adjacent to trop. rainforest climate
   • temperatures = warm year-round
   • precipitation = dry winter
   • Acapulco
   • Nigeria
   • Darwin, Aust. (S hemisphere)
3. Tropical Monsoon (Am):
   • location = SE Asia
   • temperatures = warm year-round
   • precipitation = dry winter
   • Mumbai and Cherrapunji, India
   • Liberia
4. Humid Subtropical (Cfa):
   • location = SE corner of continents
   • temperatures = warm/hot summers, cool winters
   • precipitation = no dry season
   • Atlanta
   • Baton Rouge
   • southern hemisphere: New Zealand
5. Mediterranean (Cs):
   • location = 30-35° lat., W side of continents
   • temperatures = warm summer, mild winter
   • precipitation = dry summer
   • Los Angeles
   • Santiago, Chile
6. Marine West Coast (Cfb):
   • location = poleward of Mediterranean climate
   • temperatures = mild year-round
   • precipitation = no dry season
   • Eugene, OR
   • Juneau, Alaska
7. Humid Continental (Df / Dfa):
   • location = central and east portion of continents
   • temperatures = warm summer, cold winter
   • precipitation = no dry season
   • Chicago, IL
   • Duluth, MN
   • Toronto
   • Bucharest, Romania
8. Sub Arctic (Dfc):
   • location = 50-70° lat. (Siberia)
   • temperatures = mild summer, frigid winter
   • precipitation = no dry season
   • NW Territories
   • Fairbanks, AK
   
   ** Cw and Dw in NE Asia: Siberia, Mongolia, China (Dw vs. Cw), Koreas
          -- influence of Asian monsoon
    
9. Tundra (ET):
   • location = Arctic fringe
   • temperatures = cold, but above freezing in summer
   • Barrow, AK
   • Resolute, NWT, Canada
10. Ice Cap (EF):
    • location = Antarctica and Greenland
    • temperatures = cold; below freezing even in summer
    • Antarctic comparison
11. Desert (BW):
    • location = 20-30° latitude
    • temperatures = vary
    • precipitation = evaporation exceeds precipitation!!
    • Phoenix
    • Cairo, Egypt
12. Steppe (BS):
    • location = transition between humid and dry
    • temperatures = vary
    • precipitation = evaporation exceeds precipitation
    • Denver
    • Salt Lake City
13. Highland (H):
    • location = mountainous regions throughout the world
    • temp/precip = vary dramatically with change in altitude
      • Berthoud Pass, Colo ←7.5 miles→ Georgetown, Colo
      • 11,300 ft     vs.     8,500 ft.

North America climate map

CLIMATOLOGY CHAPTERS ----->

Regional

Climates

Reconstruction

Change

Warming