Oceans

TOPICS COVERED

Introduction -->	Intro./Maps
Meteorology -->	Atmosphere/Temperature	Pressure/Wind	Moisture/storms
Climatology -->	Climatology	Climate Reconstruction Change & Warming	Applied Climatology

ATMOSPHERE CHAPTERS ----->

Atmosphere

Energy

Pressure

Oceans

Moisture

Storms

Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

I. OCEAN CIRCULATION & PATTERNS

A. Earth’s Oceans

B. Oceanic Structure & Terminology

ocean layers

by light availability
- photic = sunlit (90% of marine life)
- aphotic = little or no light
thermocline: depth varies by latitude and current
role of Walker Circulation
- note ocean depth difference; surface heat > wind blowing west = water piles up

upwelling: diagram / animation (effect of Coriolis) / video

C. Oceanic Relationships & Patterns

Putting all of this together: 2 minute video
SST changes >> changes in pressure and winds
(note atmosphere press/temp relationship)
- >> change in Walker Cell location
- = changes in upwelling, SST, ...
El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (near real-time)
- La Niña and "La Nada"
- historical events
Teleconnections
- Pacific-North American Oscillation (PNA)
  - negative vs. positive phases
  - pattern
- North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
  - negative vs. positive phases
  - pattern
- Arctic Oscillation pos/neg / pattern
- Antarctic pattern (AAO)
- "La Mama" or PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation)
  - warm-positive vs. cold-negative
  - link to ancient mega-droughts?
- some combo of PDO and ENSO?
- Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)
  - progression across Pacific (or this diagram)
  - "Pineapple Connection" (video)
Causes?

II. IMPACTS

A. Floods & Droughts

B. More than weather: biological damage, disruption, disease, changes

ATMOSPHERE CHAPTERS -----> Atmosphere Energy Pressure Oceans Moisture Storms